Case profile: Shamin Mahfuz

<h3>Summary</h3> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr. Shamin Mahfuz is a 46 year old Bangladeshi national - a lecturer, teacher, husband and father of three. On </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">15th October 2022</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">, Dr. Mahfuz is thought to have been kidnapped by state agencies and forcibly disappeared at the hands of the Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime (CTTC) Unit. Disturbingly, his wife and children were also taken. Their exact whereabouts remain unknown.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Over the last decade, Dr. Mahfuz has been subject to multiple arrests by CTTC Police in Bangladesh. Despite numerous arrests, he has never been convicted of any offence.</span> <h3>Background</h3> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr. Mahfuz is a resident of Gaibandha District, Bangladesh and a teacher with the Open University. He obtained a masters in Sociology from Dhaka University before going on to complete his PhD with a specialism in “Hill Minorities”. Thereafter he began teaching.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr. Mahfuz has three sons with his wife.</span> <h3>Enforced Disappearance</h3> <span style="font-weight: 400;">According to reports obtained by CAGE, on 15th October 2022, Dr. Mahfuz was disappeared (along with his wife and three sons) from Chittagong, where he was staying in rented accommodation. At the time of writing, there is no information on the whereabouts of Dr. Mahfuz or his family. As in most cases of enforced disappearances, the authorities refuse to acknowledge they are holding individuals illegally and outside the parameters of the law. </span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">A number of individuals who were released from CTTC’s disappearance cell have since reported that Dr. Mahfuz and his family are being held in the custody of the CTTC, possibly at their main office (Minto Road).</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">The reports are particularly concerning in light of their allegations that Dr. Mahfuz’s young children have been kidnapped and are being held in state custody, as a means of punishment and a brutal tactic of coercion.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">In a pattern of repeated harassment lasting over a decade, Dr. Mahfuz appears to have been arrested a number of times but then released without being convicted of any wrongdoing. </span> <h3>First Arrest:</h3> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr. Mahfuz was first arrested in 2011 on suspicion of “militant action”. He was held in Chittagong jail for two years, until 2013 when he was released on bail.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Following his release, Dr. Mahfuz took up a job in an NGO based in Cox’s Bazar.</span> <h3>Second Arrest:</h3> <span style="font-weight: 400;">On April 13th 2014, Dr. Mahfuz was taken from a bus, on his way back from Bandarban court.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr. Mahfuz was kept hidden in custody for almost three months until on July 2nd 2014, the CTTC confirmed that they had arrested Dr. Mahfuz.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr. Mahfuz was eventually released on bail.</span> <h3>Third Arrest:</h3> <span style="font-weight: 400;">On the day of his release, D Mahfuz was taken from the gates of Dhaka Central Jail.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Once again, the CTTC confirmed that Dr. Mahfuz was in their custody.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Following four days in custody, Dr. Mahfuz was released to his family.</span> <h3>The case of Enforced Disappearances in Bangladesh:</h3> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Bangladeshi security forces, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">particularly the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), Detective Branch (DB) And CTTC, have been linked to nearly 600 cases of enforced disappearances since Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina returned to power in 2009. </span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">While some victims are released or taken to court after weeks or months of secret detention, others become victims of extrajudicial killings and scores are still missing.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">From 2010, picking up of opposition leaders and activists by the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency"><span style="font-weight: 400;">state security forces</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> began to surge in Bangladesh. These incidents, along with </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire_(Bangladesh)h"><span style="font-weight: 400;">extrajudicial killings</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, have been criticised by The </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"><span style="font-weight: 400;">United Nations</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and human rights groups including </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Human Rights Watch</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Amnesty International</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span> <h3>Violations of international law</h3> <span style="font-weight: 400;">If Bangladeshi authorities are responsible for the kidnap and disappearance of Dr. Mahfuz and his family, then they may be in violation of several international rights treaties, including the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPPED), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Declaration on the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance, and the </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr. Mahfuz appears to be one of the many citizens of Bangladesh swept up in the state authorities' use of tactics of intimidation, harassment and abuse, with a complete disregard for due process and the rule of law.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">CAGE calls upon the Bangladeshi authorities to confirm whether Dr. Mahfuz and his family are being held in state custody and, if so, confirm his whereabouts and either formally charge him or effect his immediate release. CAGE further calls upon the Bangladeshi authorities to immediately release his wife and children</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr. Mahfuz’s family and friends await confirmation of his location and well being. With no real recourse to justice or accountability, his case highlights the need to raise awareness of such injustices and call for his immediate release from custody.</span> &nbsp; <i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Do you have any information on the whereabouts of Shamin Mahfuz or any of his family? If you think you can help, please contact CAGE at the following email address: </span></i><b><i>casework@cage.ngo</i></b><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">. We can arrange for secure and anonymous means of submitting evidence. </span></i> &nbsp; <h6><em>*Image courtesy of banglatribune.net</em></h6>