The Clarity and Blurring of the War on Terror

<div class="post-content"> <div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;"><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-1" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><div class="fusion-text"> <h4 class="entry-title fusion-post-title fusion-responsive-typography-calculated" data-fontsize="18" data-lineheight="23.94px" style="--fontSize: 18; line-height: 1.33; --minFontSize: 18;"><em style="font-size: 16px;"><strong>Dr Tarek Younis </strong>argues that ‘colour-blind’ ideas of extending CVE programmes to the far-right mask the more fundamental issues at play – including the securitisation of mental health, and how the unfettered nationalism propagated from the highest levels of the state downwards itself produces the modern far-right.</em></h4> </div> <h5 data-fontsize="16" style="--fontSize: 16; line-height: 1.13; --minFontSize: 16;" data-lineheight="18.08px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated"><em>This article is published as part of CAGE’s new series of expert essays ‘<a href="http://cage.ngo/perspectives">Perspectives on the War On Terror</a>‘. You can <a href="https://64603522.sibforms.com/serve/MUIEAJuBMwgYLupC-_ke0hQCoNsJqYDY5hXNvJFZBPVkiu4vdRfigH0GT69tj-aQ3v9-yyS8EXn-Gs3HBiO7SSSn_NrXw73Uoq62jZsab1LolBOH5-d2Auccyl3cqnvxukCgd6cQFieqEFmoMK-B8N1dg2S-pkY6zr_Y-U-pfDcnC2uMpAHHC0poyti3WDvqXU5aNMd_cOwi_gP_">sign up</a> to our Perspective mailing list <a href="https://64603522.sibforms.com/serve/MUIEAJuBMwgYLupC-_ke0hQCoNsJqYDY5hXNvJFZBPVkiu4vdRfigH0GT69tj-aQ3v9-yyS8EXn-Gs3HBiO7SSSn_NrXw73Uoq62jZsab1LolBOH5-d2Auccyl3cqnvxukCgd6cQFieqEFmoMK-B8N1dg2S-pkY6zr_Y-U-pfDcnC2uMpAHHC0poyti3WDvqXU5aNMd_cOwi_gP_">here</a> so you never miss a new essay.</em></h5> <h4 data-fontsize="18" style="--fontSize: 18; line-height: 1.33; --minFontSize: 18;" data-lineheight="23.94px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated"></h4> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;"><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-2" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><h3 style="text-align: center; --fontSize: 26; line-height: 1.62;" data-fontsize="26" data-lineheight="42.12px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated">Introduction</h3> </div><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-3" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>On the 20^th anniversary of the War on Terror, there is glaring clarity and blurred lines. As for the clarity, a few items are inescapable for Muslims across the Global North: war is truly endless; the future is colonised with “catastrophe” and a colossal security industry has emerged to avert it; state violence and its various forms of Islamophobia are not only getting worse, they have become central to political success.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-4" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>This clarity has revealed itself through policies indirectly (banning of ostentatious religious symbols) and directly (banning of niqab, pre-crime public duties). The rising normalisation of Islamophobia increasingly reflects the Global North’s relation to Islam and Muslims; a Eurocentrism which cannot be simply cordoned to the vocal racists on the peripheries of society.</p> <p>The Muslim question presses and pierces the West’s own self-image of a liberal democracy. Islamophobia today operates on the back of liberal ideals (or what Cameron called, “muscular liberalism”) revealing how these are in service of those in power and, ultimately, at the discretion of the Nation-State itself—universal human rights be damned.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first" style="width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="imageframe-align-center"><span class=" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none"><img width="300" height="217" title="may_un" src="https://www.cage.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/May_UN-e1613059461673-300x217.jpg" class="img-responsive wp-image-16359" srcset="https://www.cage.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/May_UN-e1613059461673-200x144.jpg 200w, https://www.cage.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/May_UN-e1613059461673-400x289.jpg 400w, https://www.cage.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/May_UN-e1613059461673.jpg 554w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 300px"></span></div><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-5" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><h5 style="text-align: center; --fontSize: 16; line-height: 1.13; --minFontSize: 16;" data-fontsize="16" data-lineheight="18.08px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated">Former British Prime Minister Theresa May</h5> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-last" style="width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-6" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>Here, it is worth remembering <a href="https://time.com/4808567/theresa-may-human-rights-terrorism/">Theresa May’s incredible quote</a>, truly an emblem of the War on Terror’s spirit:<br> <em>“If our human rights laws get in the way of doing [counter-terrorism], we will change the law so we can do it.”</em></p> <p>The very construction of the Good Muslim/Bad Muslim divide—just as the Good Immigrant, etc—is built on liberal foundations which privilege a white, Eurocentric middle-class.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-7" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>This liberal fabric sings the praises of model minorities who display utmost loyalty and productivity to the State, at the expense of those who don’t, won’t or can’t.</p> <p>Islamophobia was never then only about the physical and verbal abuse.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-first" style="width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-8" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>It is rather a process of rendering the Muslim as a mirror which the West uses to reflect back its own goodness, <a href="https://www.crg.berkeley.edu/research/islamophobia-research-documentation-project/">one which</a> “reaffirms a global racial structure through which resource distribution disparities are maintained and extended.”</p> <p><a href="https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526151476/">As Yasir Morsi writes</a> in <em>I Refuse to Condemn</em>, the Muslim “is a projection of the West’s intimate knowledge of its own worst colonial violence. It is a name synonymous with Europe’s sense of what is destructive in itself.”</p> <p>While the dynamics of the “<a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anne-norton-on-the-muslim-question_b_3195268">The Muslim Question</a>” are clear now, there is blurring nonetheless, and perhaps today’s blurring is a more pervasive than before. This blurring can be found in the domestic expansion of the War on Terror’s racist project into all wakes of life.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last" style="width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-9" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><h3 style="text-align: center; --fontSize: 26; line-height: 1.62;" data-fontsize="26" data-lineheight="42.12px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated"><em><span style="color: #999999;">“The rising normalisation of Islamophobia increasingly reflects the Global North’s relation to Islam and Muslims; a Eurocentrism which cannot be simply cordoned to the vocal racists on the peripheries of society.”</span></em></h3> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-10" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>The focus of this this reflection piece will be two particular blurred lines at the sight of this expansion: the security industry’s ever-expanding reach into the Far Right and anti-racism, and the awkward muddying of pre-crime, from ideologies into the psyches of individuals.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-11" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><h3 style="text-align: center; --fontSize: 26; line-height: 1.62;" data-fontsize="26" data-lineheight="42.12px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated">Blurring unto the Far-Right</h3> </div><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-12" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>The rise of illiberal expressions of nationalism evade just how dominant nationalism has been normalised. The growing interest in white supremacy—an issue central to the construction of Nation-States—has reconfigured ‘extremism’ as a colour-blind cancer facing society alongside Islamists.</p> <p>To this, the readily emboldened security industry, constructed on the fear of Muslims, claims it’s ready for the job.</p> <p>Muslims may find the War on Terror’s pivoting towards the Far-Right alluring, given it promises to tackle ethnonationalist violence which, obviously, targets Muslims across the Global North.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first" style="width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-13" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><h3 style="text-align: center; --fontSize: 26; line-height: 1.62;" data-fontsize="26" data-lineheight="42.12px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated"><span style="color: #999999;"><em>“An expansion of CVE does not focus less on Muslims, but shrouds a racist strategy.</em></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: center; --fontSize: 26; line-height: 1.62;" data-fontsize="26" data-lineheight="42.12px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated"><span style="color: #999999;"><em>It is this colour-blind equating, this all-pervasive attempt to establish a unifying theory and strategy for “extremism” writ large, which is the greatest hurdle we face now.</em></span></h3> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-last" style="width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-14" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p><a href="https://mediadiversified.org/2019/04/01/the-uks-prevent-policy-would-not-prevent-white-supremacist-attacks-like-christchurch-its-part-of-the-problem/">But this is far from the reality</a><a href="scrivlnk://B596AE0F-E97B-45C6-96E5-0D65C658C454">.</a> An expansion of CVE does not focus less on Muslims, but shrouds a racist strategy by allegedly equating the threat of the Far-Right to be on par with Muslims considered to be seditious in their ideas and beliefs.</p> <p>It is this colour-blind equating, this all-pervasive attempt to establish a unifying theory and strategy for “extremism” writ large, which is the greatest hurdle we face now.</p> <p>Colour-blindness is a convenient strategy for liberal democracies to evade how Muslims are racialised as a threat in the public imaginary. There is no accountability or reckoning then for counter-terrorism’s continued racist operations, nor how racism pervades society, simply because they allege to go after all extremists—regardless of their ‘colour’.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-15" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>For Muslims to celebrate this, then, is to fundamentally misunderstand where Islamophobia comes from, and how they normalise speaking about it in mainstream structures.</p> <p>A revealing example of this is the following: when the APPG definition of Islamophobia suggested it was a form of racism, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/may/15/police-chiefs-in-row-over-definition-of-islamophobia">police chiefs rejected this</a>, <em>stating this would impede their counter-terrorism efforts.</em></p> <p>Unless we fully appreciate what this admission reveals, we cannot move forward. It is the normalisation of the ideologies (nationalism) and social conflicts (War on Terror) which racialise Muslims, which in other words, see the thoughts and behaviours for Muslims as in need of surveillance and management.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-first" style="width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-16" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>This is precisely why being “against the Far Right” <a href="https://jacobinmag.com/2019/11/war-on-terror-domestic-terrorism-act-racism-muslims/">is not being anti-racist</a>.</p> <p>Those who are anti-Far Right, without referencing decades of literature detailing how racism permeates all facets of social structures, play an essential role in maintaining a status quo whereby Muslims remain the dominant Other, while white people who drive home the logic of nationalism to its fullest extent are criminalised.</p> <p>This approach lacks self-awareness and follows a mainstream centrism positioning which is well-documented to move towards the Right.</p> <p><a href="http://www.darkmatter101.org/site/2020/02/11/clamour-of-nationalism/">As we know</a>, the Left is not immune to nationalism either, with the “immigration question” now seen as a bi-partisan issue across the Global North.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last" style="width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered" style="display: flex; max-width: 550px; width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><iframe id="twitter-widget-0" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" class="" style="position: static; visibility: visible; width: 346px; height: 493px; display: block; flex-grow: 1;" title="Twitter Tweet" src="https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?creatorScreenName=UK_CAGE&amp;dnt=false&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1067421059627065344&amp;lang=en&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cage.ngo%2Fthe-clarity-and-blurring-of-the-war-on-terror&amp;sessionId=e90f7b12cf3b4dfe805d03effbd5660fd2440285&amp;siteScreenName=UK_CAGE&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486&amp;width=550px" data-tweet-id="1067421059627065344"></iframe></div> <script async="" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-17" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>And make no mistake: the interest in the Far Right can, and very much does, reflect an auto-immune response to the nationalist politics which are entirely mainstream.</p> <p>By focusing on particular groups on the “margins”, what we see is an evasion of the problem—nationalism—focusing rudimentarily on its worst appearances.</p> <p>The threat of nationalism—a threat many have rung alarm bells on for decades—is only viewed from the prism of its worst offenders, that is the illiberal Far Right. <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0306396820911318?journalCode=racb">This is not anti-racism</a>.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-18" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>Case in point is the <a href="https://www.cage.ngo/the-last-stand-shawcross-and-the-prevent-review">recently-appointed Prevent independent reviewer</a>, William Shawcross, who ascribes to the Far-Right idea <a href="http://podcast.dfwworld.org/2012_WilliamShawcross-1-17.MP3">which correlates the growth of European Muslim populations with the</a> possibility of threat:<br> <em>“European countries have vastly, very quickly growing Islamic populations and frighteningly large numbers of the young men in these, both in Britain and in Germany and in France, are turning to radical Islamism.”</em></p> <p>It does not take much deliberation to recognise the racist dog-whistling of nationalists, regurgitating sensationalist headlines out of sheer ignorance or political gain—often both. Either way, in a twist exemplary of contemporary Islamophobia, this dog-whistling will still have you appointed to review a strategy widely cited as Islamophobic.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;"><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-17 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-19" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><h3 style="text-align: center; --fontSize: 26; line-height: 1.62;" data-fontsize="26" data-lineheight="42.12px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated"><em>Blurring unto Psychology</em></h3> </div><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-20" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>If you follow Counter-Terrorism Policing UK on Twitter, you’ll note <a href="https://twitter.com/Tarek_Younis_/status/1339143893112287232">an invigorated attempt</a> to educate and inspire the public to refer individuals they suspect are showing psychological vulnerabilities to radicalisation—which in effect means general distress.</p> <p>This is but a glimpse of how ‘psychology talk’ is now the de facto language of <em>public</em> counter-terrorism strategies. Though it serves as a means of deflecting how this legitimises racial prejudice, it is important to highlight its wider expansion of the War on Terror’s reach.</p> <p>As public unrest increases across the Global North, the War on Terror as a governing logic projects itself towards anyone of the ‘protest class’ (as Sageman would call it) and the psycho-social profiles of those who may join them.</p> <p>While projects focusing on mental health and resilience are increasingly funded for this purpose, the <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9566.13047">securitisation of mental health</a> is far wider than most can imagine.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-18 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first" style="width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered" style="display: flex; max-width: 550px; width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><iframe id="twitter-widget-1" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" class="" style="position: static; visibility: visible; width: 346px; height: 531px; display: block; flex-grow: 1;" title="Twitter Tweet" src="https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?creatorScreenName=UK_CAGE&amp;dnt=false&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-1&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1052496419355947009&amp;lang=en&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cage.ngo%2Fthe-clarity-and-blurring-of-the-war-on-terror&amp;sessionId=e90f7b12cf3b4dfe805d03effbd5660fd2440285&amp;siteScreenName=UK_CAGE&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486&amp;width=550px" data-tweet-id="1052496419355947009"></iframe></div> <script async="" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-19 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-last" style="width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-21" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>In the UK, mental health has officially taken primacy in the War on Terror <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0306396820951055">through a number of avenues:</a> viewing radicalisation as a safeguarding issue for vulnerable individuals; the establishing of &nbsp;mental health hubs which embed counterterrorism and the NHS; the addition of ‘mental health’ as a factor in extremism risk assessment frameworks, despite the lack of evidence of what this means in practice; and finally, the institutionalisation of evidence-less counter-extremism measures as a mandatory part of risk assessment for <em>all </em>patients in some mental health trusts across the nation.</p> <p>In the US, the recently published <a href="https://www.dhs.gov/tvtpgrants">Targeted Violence and Terrorism Prevention Grant Program</a> shows investments close to a million dollars for projects “that will target the reduction of mental health problems and increase the social belongingness among adolescents.”</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-20 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-22" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>This is all especially relevant to how Prevent statistics are collected in the UK.</p> <p>A cursory analysis of a recent Prevent statistic shows a significant deflection and obfuscation of racism.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-21 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-first" style="width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-23" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>One of the ways the racism of referrals is being dismissed, is through the creation of all-new but entirely ridiculous category of pre-terrorism: the mixed/uncertain/unstable (MUU) category. This MUU constitutes an astounding 38% of all referrals to Prevent.</p> <p>But what is a radicalisation referral without clear, ideological indicators of “extremism”?</p> <p>Drawing all of the evidence together, this category clearly encompasses those individuals whose “mental health” is deemed vulnerable. Given how widely documented racialised minorities receive psy-diagnoses associated with violence, notwithstanding a long trajectory of Orientalist thought which sees Muslims as inherently violent, this addition of MUU potentially constitutes a modern-day scandal of racism we have yet to fully understand.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-22 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last" style="width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered" style="display: flex; max-width: 550px; width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><iframe id="twitter-widget-2" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" class="" style="position: static; visibility: visible; width: 346px; height: 497px; display: block; flex-grow: 1;" title="Twitter Tweet" src="https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?creatorScreenName=UK_CAGE&amp;dnt=false&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-2&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1207690879370244096&amp;lang=en&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cage.ngo%2Fthe-clarity-and-blurring-of-the-war-on-terror&amp;sessionId=e90f7b12cf3b4dfe805d03effbd5660fd2440285&amp;siteScreenName=UK_CAGE&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486&amp;width=550px" data-tweet-id="1207690879370244096"></iframe></div> <script async="" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-23 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-24" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>The general discourse around mental health has yet to truly have its reckoning in the War on Terror.</p> <p>So far it is largely positioned as an assured ‘good’ to understand and help everyone—terrorists and victims, pre- and post-criminals.</p> <p>In other words, there is a distinct lack of politicising the discourse of mental health itself, one which is seen as a solution to all of society’s problems.</p> <p>This is not to criticise efforts of psy professionals, but to recognise that, on the 20^th anniversary of the War on Terror, we must do better to understand how and why the psy disciplines are positioned as natural solutions to highly unstable political climates.</p> </div><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-25" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><h3 style="text-align: center; --fontSize: 26; line-height: 1.62;" data-fontsize="26" data-lineheight="42.12px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated"><span style="color: #999999;"><em>“The general discourse around mental health has yet to truly have its reckoning in the War on Terror.”</em></span></h3> </div><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-26" style="transform:translate3d(0,0,0);"><p>A decolonial approach to Muslim mental health is necessary. Decolonial here is not one of diversity, as if adding Muslims and Islam to contemporary structures is sufficiently decolonial.</p> <p>Rather, to question the War on Terror is to question the structures of knowledge and practices—including the psy disciplines—which facilitate the continuous oppression of Muslims.</p> </div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;"><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-24 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div class="fusion-person person fusion-person-center fusion-person-1 fusion-person-icon-top"><style>.fusion-person-1 .imageframe-liftup:before{-webkit-border-radius:50%;-moz-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;</style><div class="person-shortcode-image-wrapper imageframe-liftup"><div class="person-image-container person-rounded-overflow" style="-webkit-border-radius:50%;-moz-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;border:0px solid #f6f6f6;-webkit-border-radius:50%;-moz-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;"><img class="person-img img-responsive wp-image-27974" width="300" height="290" src="https://www.cage.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Tarek-Younis-300x290.jpg" alt="Dr Tarek Younis" srcset="https://www.cage.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Tarek-Younis-200x193.jpg 200w, https://www.cage.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Tarek-Younis.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 300px"></div></div><div class="person-desc" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;padding:40px;margin-top:0;"><div class="person-author"><div class="person-author-wrapper"><span class="person-name">Dr Tarek Younis</span><span class="person-title">Lecturer in Psychology at Middlesex University</span></div></div><div class="person-content fusion-clearfix">Dr Tarek Younis researches and writes on Islamophobia, racism in mental health, and the securitisation of clinical settings. He teaches on the impact of culture, religion, globalization and security policies on mental health.<p></p> </div></div></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="background-color: #ffffff;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;"><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-25 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; padding: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><style type="text/css"></style><div class="fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;"><h1 class="title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated" style="margin: 0px; --fontSize: 56; line-height: 1.79;" data-fontsize="56" data-lineheight="100.24px"></h1><h3 data-fontsize="26" style="--fontSize: 26; line-height: 1.62;" data-lineheight="42.12px" class="fusion-responsive-typography-calculated"><strong>Sign up to never miss a new Perspectives essay:</strong></h3><div class="title-sep-container"><div class="title-sep sep-single sep-solid" style="border-color:#e0dede;"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-26 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-one-fifth fusion-column-first" style="width:20%;width:calc(20% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.2 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-27 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-three-fifth" style="width:60%;width:calc(60% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.6 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy" style="background-position: left top; 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